Contributor
Rosen, Michael.
Imprint:New York : Oxford University Press, 1999.
Descriptionxv, 442 p. ; 24 cm.
Note:I. HUMAN NATURE: THE NATURAL SATE OF MANKIND: The state exists by nature / Aristotle -- The misery of the natural condition of mankind / Thomas Hobbes -- The state of nature and the state of war / John Locke -- Fear and peace / Baron De Montesquieu -- The noble savage / Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Man's character is formed for him / Robert Owen -- Man as a productive being / karl Marx, Freidrich Engels -- Natural selection / Charles Darwin -- The advantage of morality / Charles Darwin -- Mutual aid / Peter Kropotkin -- MAN'S NATURE AND WOMAN'S NATURE: Women as weaker partners / Plato -- Separate spheres / Aristotle -- The likeness and unlikeness of the sexes / Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- The rights of women / Mary Wollstonecraft -- The subjection of women / John Stuart Mill -- In a different voice / Carol Gilligan -- Socialist feminism and the standpoint of women / Alison M. Jaggar -- II. THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE STATE: WHAT IS THE STATE? Political power / John Locke -- The state and coercion / Max Weber -- THE SOCIAL CONTRACT: Creating Leviathan / Thomas Hobbes -- Express and tacit consent / John Locke -- Natural freedom and the freedom of the citizen / Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- The hypothetical contract / Immanuel Kant -- AGAINST THE SOCIAL CONTRACT: The irrelevance of consent / David Hume -- Utility as the true foundation / Jeremy Bentham -- The priority of the state over the individual / G.W.F. Hegel -- The principle of fairness / H.L.A. Hart -- THE ANARCHIST RESPONSE: Science and the people / Michael Bakunin -- The conflict of autonomy and authority / Robert Paul Wolff -- CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: The duty of obedience / Plato -- The duty of disobedience / Henry David Thoreau -- An unjust law is no law / Martin Luther King -- Civil disobedience / John Rawls -- III. DEMOCRACY AND ITS DIFFICULTIES: AGAINST DEMOCRACY: Ruling as a skill / Plato -- The enlightened despot / Frederick the Great -- DEMOCRATIC IDEALS: The general will / Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Freedom and equality / Immanuel Kant -- The democratic citizen / John Stuart Mill -- Majority rule / John Rawls -- TRUE AND FALSE DEMOCRACY: Bourgeois and proletarian democracy / V.I. Lenin -- Participatory democracy / Carole Pateman -- DANGERS IN DEMOCRACY: Rule of the people and rule of law / Aristotle -- The danger of faction / James Madison -- Tyranny of the majority / Alexis de Tocqueville -- DEMOCRACY AND BUREAUCRACY: Bureaucratic administration / Max Weber -- Rule by oligarchy / Vilfredo Pareto -- SEPARATION OF POWERS: Legislative, executive, and federative powers / John Locke -- The ideal constitution / Baron de Montesquieu -- IV. LIBERTY AND RIGHTS: WHAT IS LIBERTY? The liberty of the ancients and the liberty of the moderns / Benjamin Constant -- Two concepts of liberty / Isaiah Berlin -- In defence of positive freedom / Charles Taylor -- No right to liberty / Ronald Dworkin -- LAW AND MORALITY: One simple principle / John Stuart Mill -- The consequences of liberty / James Fitzjames Stephen -- The enforcement of morals / Patrick Devlin -- The changing sense of morality / H.L.A. Hart -- TOLERATION AND FREE EXPRESSION: The futility of intolerance / John Locke -- Free expression and the authority of the state / Thomas Scanlon -- The satanic verses / Jeremy Waldron -- Only words / Catherine Mackinnon -- VIRTUE AND CITIZENSHIP: The democratic citizen / Pericles -- The requirements of citizenship / Aristotle -- The servility of the moderns / Niccolo Machiavelli -- The nature of modern servitude / Alexis de Tocqueville -- The republican ideal of political liberty / Quentin Skinner -- RIGHTS: Nonsense on stilts / Jeremy Bentham -- The rights of egoistic man / Karl Marx -- Rights as side-constraints / Robert Nozick -- Taking rights seriously / Ronald Dworkin -- PUNISHMENT: In favour of capital punishment / John Stuart Mill -- Punishment and responsibility / H.L.A. Hart -- Where deterrence theory goes wrong / Robert Nozick.
Note:V. ECONOMIC JUSTICE: PRIVATE PROPERTY: Labour as the basis of property / John Locke -- The earth belongs to nobody / Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Property as expression / G.W.F. Hegel -- The right to the use of the earth / Herbert Spencer -- Money, the universal whore / Karl Marx -- The true foundation of private property / Karl Marx -- Property and aggression / Sigmund Freud -- Reaping without sowing / R.H. Tawney -- Difficulties with mixing labour / Robert Nozick -- THE MARKET: The dangers of government interference / Adam Smith -- Appearance and reality / Karl Marx -- Prices as a code / F.A. Hayek -- The tyranny of controls / Milton Friedman, Rose Friedman -- Poverty as lack of freedom / G.A. Cohen -- THEORIES OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE: The grasshopper and the ants / Aesop -- Reciprocity / Aristotle -- Equality and inequality / Aristotle -- The common stock / Gerald Winstanley -- The impossibility of equality / David Hume -- From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs / Karl Marx -- Looking backward / Edward Bellamy -- The impossibility of planning / F.A. Hayek -- Two principles of justice / John Rawls -- The entitlement theory / Robert Nozick -- Equality of resources / Ronald Dworkin -- VI. JUSTICE BETWEEN GROUPS: PEACE AND WAR: Perpetual peace / Immanuel Kant -- The civilizing influence of commerce / Richard Cobden -- Just and unjust war / Michael Walzer -- The limits of warfare / Thomas Nagel -- NATIONALISM: National sentiment / Isaiah Berlin -- Is patriotism a virtue? / Alasdair Macintyre -- MINORITY RIGHTS: The message of affirmative action / Thomas Hill -- National self-determination / Avishai Margalit, Joseph Raz -- INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE: Justice between generations / Brian Barry -- INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE: Famine, affluence and morality / Peter Singer -- Lifeboat earth / Onora O'Neill -- VII. ALTERNATIVES TO LIBERALISM: LIBERAL THEORY UNDER STALIN: Legitimation crisis / Jürgen Habermas -- Liberalism in retreat / Michael Walzer -- The artificiality of liberalism / Michael Walzer -- CONSERVATISM: Eternal society / Edmund Burke -- The transmission of culture / T.S. Eliot -- On being conservative / Michael Oakeshott -- COMMUNITARIANISM: Identification and subjectivity / Charles Taylor -- Tradition and the unity of a life / Alasdair Macintyre -- Conceptions of community / Michael Sandel -- SOCIALISM: Work in communist society / Karl Marx -- The Communist Manifesto / Karl Marx -- The realm of freedom / Karl Marx -- The soul of man under socialism / Oscar Wilde -- Productive activity / Ernest Mandel -- Socialism and equality of opportunity / G.A. Cohen -- POST-MODERNISM: The impulse towards justice / Freidrich Nietzsche -- Power/knowledge / Michel Foucault -- The priority of democracy to philosophy / Richard Rorty -- VIII. PROGRESS AND CIVILIZATION: The effect of the arts and sciences / Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Division of labour / Adam Smith -- Fragmentation and aesthetic education / Friedrich Schiller -- Development of the productive forces / Karl Marx -- Our self-destructive impulse / Fyodor Dostoevsky -- Transition to communism / Friedrich Engels -- Disenchantment / Max Weber -- The utopian method / Karl Popper -- The end of history / Francis Fukuyama -- APPENDIX: FUNDAMENTAL POLITICAL DOCUMENTS: US declaration of independence (1776) -- Declaration of the rights of man and citizen (1789) -- The Bill of Rights (1789) -- The Gettysburg address (1863) -- United Nations universal declaration of human rights (1948)
Bibliography Note:Includes bibliographical references and index.
