Author:
Grundy, David.
Imprint:San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan & Claypool, c2012.
Description1 electronic text (ix, 123 p.) : ill., digital file.
Note:Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.
Note:Series from website.
Note:1. Neural control of gastrointestinal function -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Structure of the gut wall -- 1.3 Region-specific functions --
Note:2. Cells and tissues -- 2.1 Cells in the mucosa: enterocytes -- 2.2 Cells in the mucosa: goblet cells -- 2.3 Cells in the mucosa: entero-endocrine cells -- 2.4 Cells in the mucosa: paneth cells -- 2.5 Cells in the lamina propria: mast cells -- 2.6 Cells in the lamina propria: other immune cells -- 2.7 Smooth muscle cells of the muscularis externa -- 2.8 Interstitial cells of cajal (ICCS) -- 2.9 Fibroblast-like cells of the muscularis externa -- 2.10 Enteric neurons and glial cells --
Note:3. Enteric nervous system -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The ganglionated plexuses -- 3.3 Enteric glial cells -- 3.4 Enteric neural circuits -- 3.5 Classes of enteric neurons -- 3.5.1 Smooth muscle motor neurons -- 3.5.2 Enteric sensory neurons -- 3.5.3 Enteric interneurons -- 3.6 Electrophysiology of motor neurons and interneurons -- 3.7 Other classes of enteric neurons -- 3.7.1 Viscerofugal neurons -- 3.7.2 Secretomotor and vasomotor neurons -- 3.8 Differences between species and regions of gut -- 3.9 Physiology of the enteric nervous system -- 3.10 Fast excitatory neurotransmission -- 3.11 Slow excitatory neurotransmission -- 3.12 Inhibitory neurotransmission in enteric ganglia -- 3.13 Presynaptic inhibition and facilitation -- 3.14 Neurotransmission to other non-neuronal cells --
Note:4. From gut to CNS: extrinsic sensory innervation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Pathways to the CNS -- 4.3 Classes of visceral afferents -- 4.4 Axon reflexes -- 4.5 Mechanosensitivity -- 4.6 Serosal and mesenteric afferents -- 4.7 Muscle afferents -- 4.8 Mucosal afferents -- 4.9 Muscular-mucosal afferents -- 4.10 Transduction mechanisms -- 4.11 Chemosensitivity -- 4.12 Chemotransduction -- 4.13 Central pathways of vagal afferent information -- 4.14 Central pathways of spinal afferent information -- 4.15 Visceral representation in the brain -- 4.16 Central sensitisation --
Note:5. Sympathetic innervation of the gut -- 5.1 Pathways -- 5.2 Synaptic drive -- 5.3 Sympathetic circuitry -- 5.4 Sympathetic influences on motility -- 5.5 Sympathetic influences on secretion -- 5.6 Sympathetic influences on blood flow --
Note:6. Parasympathetic innervation of the gut -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pathways -- 6.2.1 Vagus -- 6.3 Brainstem reflexes -- 6.4 Sacral parasympathetic pathways --
Note:7. Integration of function -- 7.1 Motility reflexes -- 7.2 Swallowing -- 7.3 Gastric motility -- 7.4 Gastric acid secretion -- 7.5 Small intestinal motility -- 7.6 "Fed behaviour" of the small intestine -- 7.7 Polarised reflex pathways -- 7.8 Peristalsis -- 7.9 Migrating motor complexes (MMCs) -- 7.10 Colonic motility -- 7.11 Distension of distal colon in vitro -- 7.12 Colonic MMCs -- 7.13 Defaecation -- 7.14 Secretory and vasomotor reflexes -- 7.15 Integration of gastrointestinal function with food intake regulation -- 7.16 Nausea and vomiting -- 7.17 Stress and the gut -- 7.18 Neuro-immune interactions in the gut --
Note:References.
Bibliography Note:Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-123).
Note:The gastrointestinal tract is a long, muscular tube responsible for the digestion of food, assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste. This is achieved by secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption from the intestinal lumen, with different regions playing specific roles in the processing of specific nutrients. These regions come into play sequentially as ingested material is moved along the length of the GI tract by contractions of the muscle layers. In some regions like the oesophagus transit it rapid and measured in seconds while in others like the colon transit is measured in hours and even days, commensurate with the relative slow fermentation that takes place in the large bowel. An hierarchy of controls, neural and endocrine, serve to regulate the various cellular targets that exist in the gut wall. These include muscle cells for contraction and epithelial cells for secretion and absorption. However, there are complex interactions between these digestive mechanisms and other mechanisms that regulate blood flow, immune function, endocrine secretion and food intake. These ensure a fine balance between the ostensibly conflicting tasks of digestion and absorption and protection from potentially harmful ingested materials. They match assimilation of nutrients with hunger and satiety and they ensure that regions of the GI tract that are meters apart work together in a coordinated fashion to match these diverse functions to the digestive needs of the individual. This ebook will provide an overview of the neural mechanisms that control gastrointestinal function.
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